When? Costas Constantinidis It was proved that many micro -organisms – such as plants and animals – Are organized in speciesHe reversed a long -standing scientific recognition. Scientists widely believed that bacteria, due to their unique genetic exchange mechanisms and the vast size of their global population, do not form separate species – and cannot create.
Constantinidis and new research by colleagues have further challenged this perception, suggesting that bacteria not only create species, but they also maintain united species through a process that would be somewhat “sexually” Is.
“The next question for us was how different microorganisms of the same species maintain their solidarity. In other words, how do bacteria live the same? ” Richard C. Tucker Professor Constantinidis in Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering said.
It is believed that bacteria and other germs are mainly developed through binary fragmentation, which means asexual reproduction, as well as rare genetic exchange. With a new reserves of the entire genome data, an international team of concentinidis and researchers tested their hypothesis about the emergence and maintenance of the species, using a new bio -informative method to detect gene transfer. They found that bacteria develop and species are manufactured in a more “sexual” manner than before.
His research was Published In the journal Nature communication,
To check how microbial species maintain their unique identity, the team analyzed the entire genome of microbes from two natural populations. They collected and indexed over 100 strains Celinibctor (A salt-lover micro-organism) from the solar salter in Spain. Then he first analyzed a set published Escherichia coli The genome separated from livestock farms in the UK compared the genomes of closely related microorganisms to see how the genes were being exchanged.
They found that the process called “Samat -up regeneration” plays a major role in keeping microbial species simultaneously. Samatat regeneration occurs when germs exchange DNA with each other and integrate new DNA into their genome by replacing their similar DNAs. He noticed that the entire genome of the reconsuming microorganisms occurs repeatedly and randomly, not only in some specific areas.
Constantinidis said, “It may vary fundamentally from sexual reproduction in animals, plants, fungi and non-livelihood, where DNA is exchanged during meirs Could. ” “This continuous exchange of genetic material acts as a united power, which keeps members of the same species equal.”
Researchers also observed that members of the same species are more likely to exchange DNA with each other than members of different species, which contributes to the boundaries of different species.
“This work solves a major, long -term problem for microbiology that is relevant to many research areas,” Constantinidis said. “That is, how to define the species and how to define the underlying mechanism for the harmony of the species.”
This research has an impact on many fields from environmental science and development to medical and public health, and it provides valuable insight for the identity, modeling and regulation of clinical or environmentally important organisms. The method developed during research also provides a molecular toolkit for future epidemiology and micro-classism studies.
Comment: This research was possible with the contribution of Rudolf Aman in Ramon Rosello-Mora in Imedea in Majorka, Spain and Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany, who obtained data from the natural microbial population and equally contributed. For data analysis and interpretations.
Citation: Conrad, RE, Brink, CE, Vivar, T. And others. Microbial species and intravinded units are present and are maintained by ecological harmony with high -soluble regenerations. Net commune 159906 (2024).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/S41467-024-53787-0
Grant: US Energy Department, US National Science Foundation, European Regional Development Fund
(Tagstootransite) newswiz (T) bacteria; microorganisms; bacterial DNA; Samatat reinstroirs; microbial development; genomic data; e. Koli Bacteria (T) Georgia Institute of Technology
